Art History Mask of Agamemnon - 1769 Words

ANCIENT ART 200 Was the Mask Of Agamemnon Edited by Schliemann and his Workers? 5/14/2011 Sandra.Baah | Schliemann was a German archeologist who excavated the shaft graves of Mycenae. He found a mask which has been claimed to be the mask of Agamemnon. This has brought up endless debates about the authenticity of the mask. The mask is said to be one of Schliemanns forgeries. Some scholars claim the mask is too new or does not have any qualities that prove that it is Mycenaean. It is difficult to know whether the mask is authentic or fake. William A. Calder and David A. Traill are two archeologists who challenge the authenticity of the mask. They have come up with arguments that try to prove the mask is a forgery. Some scholars claim that†¦show more content†¦According to Harrington Spencer the mouth on figure 2 is short and thick with ill defined lips and no discernible chin, but the mask of Agamemnon has a wider mouth, thin lips and a well define chin. The eyes on the mask of Agamemnon are different from the other masks found in the shaft graves of Mycenae. The eyebrows on fig ure two are not shown in detail, but the eyebrows on the mask of Agamemnon the look as if they have been engraved on the mask. The eyelids on the mask of Agamemnon seem to be open, while those on figure two are closed. Schliemann edited the mask because it does not have any similarities with other metal work found in Mycenae. The mask looks too perfect compared to the other masks found in the grave; it looks like it was made at a later date. It is not severely faded like the other artworks found in the shaft graves of Mycenae. The Mycenaean did not make their metalwork purely out of gold. Most of their artwork was made with different metals, such as silver and bronze. I believe the mask was edited because the mask of Schliemann found was believed to be made of pure gold and according to Calder â€Å"no ancient object was ever made of pure gold†. Some scholars like David Traill, have questioned the authenticity of the mask of Agamemnon and requested for the object to be tested. Traill has asked for it to be tested to see if the mask is really made of gold but his request has been denied. If the mask is said to beShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of The Greek Tragedy912 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Tragedy Results in Deeper thinking Throughout the history of ancient literature, tragedy was one of the most famous and significant literary forms. Especially, Greek tragedy literature was a popular and influential form of drama performed in theatres across ancient Greece from the late 6th century BCE, and formed the foundation upon which all modern theatre is based (Cartwright). 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For centuries, legends abounded about the wealth, fame, and power of this city, particularly concerning its involvement in the Trojan War.? Yet, just 200 years ago, people wondered whether the ancient city of Mycenae even existed.? However, archaeological work in the past two centuries has confirmed the existence and greatness of this ancient civilizationRead MoreEugene O’neill and the the Rebirth of Tragedy a Comparative Survey on Mourning Becomes Electra and Oresteia2317 Words   |  10 Pagesmodernize it. The play is based on Aeschylus’s trilogy The Oresteia (though it is closer to Sophocles’ Electra than to Aeschylus’ plays). In a 1931 letter to drama critic Brooks Atkinson, O’Neill wrote, â€Å"Greek criticism is as remote from us as the art it criticizes. What we need is a definition of Modern and not Classical Tragedy by whi ch to guide our judgments† (Letters 19886: 390). The play (a trilogy made up of three plays) examines a post-Civil War American family. 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He travels the world and learns its languages (quot;Heinrich Schliemannquot;), takes a beautiful Greek bride, and together they unearth the treasures of Troy a nd the citadel of Agamemnon, thereby fulfillingRead More Ancient Greek Theatre Architecture Essay2612 Words   |  11 Pagesstarted to become a more accepted form of ritual, characters or roles started to become more refined. There were several groups of actors. The main actors’ roles were that of the gods or leading characters. They would play roles such as Apollo, Agamemnon, or Aegisthus. The chorus served many functions in Greek drama. First, it was an agent in the play; it gave advice, expressed opinions, asked questions, and sometimes took an active part in the action. Second, it often established the ethicalRead MoreGreek Influence on the Modern Day Theater2816 Words   |  12 Pagesday theater and entertainment. Staring with the evolution of theater and how it evolved from religious groups in ancient Greece. There were also many great playwrights, such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, who opened the doors to a world of art. Even the construction of a play and the major types of plays, such as tragedy and comedy, are still used to this day. The way the characters or actors and costume evolved from such a simple plan to a extremely difficult and complicated design. FinallyRead More Use of Symbols in Yeatss Work, A Vision Essay3300 Words   |  14 Pagespreliminary stage of the composition of the work itself. In A Vision, however, Yeats exhibits his poeti c power as well, along with his knowledge of mysticism and affinity for symbology to illustrate the behavior of the forces of human consciousness and history. He ties these two cycles together into the overarching symbol of the work: the Great Wheel. This is a symbol that Yeats uses not only to explain the cycles of one individuals life, but also through the same motions, to explain the cyclical movementRead MoreThe Role of the Artistic Director in a Theater Production2388 Words   |  10 Pageseach actor had different specialties. The actors had their own costumes that they wore over their Elizabethan guard. In 1608, they bought a hall in Black Friars, which allowed the troupe to perform plays indoors. In the play Richard III, which was a history play, Shakespeare and his troupe would distort the facts. A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Taming of the Shrew were considered to be early comedies and these plays were performed in verse. These plays also featured fools, clowns, and a play on words

Social Policy Practice For Social Workers Essay - 2119 Words

The early 1940’s found the median age in Canada to be approximately 26, whereas today it rests at just under 40 (Hick, 2014). This rising trend in age further continues when looking at that of the elderly (those aged 65+). The Government of Canada (2016) projects that beginning in 2011 and stretching over the next three decades, the number of elderly persons in Canada will rise from 4.2 million to that of 9.8 million, with the latter estimated to represent almost a quarter of the total population at that time. The impact this increase has on social policy regarding the elderly has yet to be fully actualized, but will undoubtedly affect Canadians across the board as additional pressures are placed on the system, as well as calls for more aggressive changes are likely to correct current policy pitfalls. 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Garrett, personal communication, September 9, 2015). The population served by Head Start are considered a vulnerable population based on economic and social disadvantagesRead MoreWorking With Evidence Based Practices Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pages In the field of social work, workers are constantly faced with practice issues, ethical conundrums, lack of needed supervision, and personal feelings regarding the work they do. When supervision is limited or nonexistent, one course of action could be to form a consultation group of one or more peers or mentors. This allows the social worker to receive supportive feedback and critical advice when needed. 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TheyRead MoreRole Of A Advocate Role Public Interest Groups And Social Workers1496 Words   |  6 Pages The Role of Advocacy in Politics Jazmine Feijo, 0884046 Political Process and Social Work AHSS 1190 Dennis Long November 9th, 2014 One of the primary objectives in a representative democracy is to cater to the publics need by understanding the issues of concern and constructive criticisms. In order for needs to be met or negotiated, groups of like-minded individuals form in hopes to influence the government’s direction by voicing their opinions. Public interest groups take on this roleRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Code Of Ethics1312 Words   |  6 Pagesessential that social workers develop a relationship built on trust and righteousness. 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Proposal for Development of Petrol Chemical Plant on Jurong Island Free Essays

string(259) " along tanker routes and the availability of infacturure such as ports means the plants outputs can be shipped out easily Future plans for Expansion As the number of petrochemical plants are set up, competition from varies companys will increase \(Table 1\)\." Capital input for construction and maintenance of a petrochemical plant is high because of the large amounts of electricity and water id needed to heat up raw materials used in the petrochemical industry from which hydrocarbons are extracted. The main raw materials would be naphtha and kerosene, which are obtained from oil refineries. A highly skill labour force is required to run the advance machinery. We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal for Development of Petrol Chemical Plant on Jurong Island or any similar topic only for you Order Now Processes In the plant, crackers are used to break up large hydrocarbons in refined oil products like naphtha and gasoline. In the cracker, hydrocarbons heated by steam pass over the hot catalyst powered alumina-silica gel. The catalyst provides a huge surface on which the hydrocarbons break up into smaller more useful hydrocarbons. After crackling, the compounds are separated by fractionation. Some of these compounds are joined with other chemicals. Outputs Processed basic petrochemicals such as ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, isoprene, and xylenes, which are the building blocks for innumerable chemical products spanning the range of the plastic, rubber, and synthetic fiber industries. Information about suitable location The proposed location, Jurong Island, formed by land reclamation to merge seven offshore islands off the southern coast of Singapore (figure1), is a highly integrated world-class petrochemical complex. Their total is home to leading petrochemical companies like Chevron, Sumitomo and Mobil. Figure 1Location of Jurong Island Figure 2Map of Jurong Island [d1]Central to the industry cluster concept and development of Jurong Island as an integrated complex is the sharing of common facilities. These include marine facilities, such as jetties and other berthing facilities; services such as warehousing, waste treatment, fire fighting, medical and emergency response; a common service corridor and infrastructure such as roads and drains. Connected to mainland Singapore by 2.6 kilometre causeway, Jurong Island is only a ten minutes journey form furthest part of Jurong Island to the mainland. There are also bus services plying the entire island. Oasis@Sakra, which is the amenity centre found on the island itself as the community and transportation hub for Jurong Island customers. The amenity centre houses facilities like an air-conditioned food court, an alfresco restaurant, a medical centre, a hardware store and a convenience store. The Chemical Logistics Hub, called Banyan Logistics Hub, is a 80-hectare facility on Jurong Island to serve companies there. It will have berths, jetties and other marine facilities that provide linkage to the chemical plants via the common service corridors. Logistics services like storage tanks, chemical warehouses, tank cleaning, cleaning and maintenance, drumming, and waste treatment facilities will also be available. The Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICES) which will be situated on Jurong Island and to be is expected to be completed in early 2003. Reasons for Choice of Location There are many key factors for the choice of location. Singapore is well positioned to play a key role in the growth of Asia-Pacific’s petrochemical industry with an integrated hub on Jurong Island. Many multinational companies are already enjoying the benefits of locating on Jurong Island. Thus Singapore’s Jurong Island would thus be the choice location for the petrochemical plant. Jurong Island was formed by reclaiming the channels between the seven islands in phases, and extending beyond into additional sea space to form one big island. When completed, it will form a land area of about 2,650 hectares from an initial mass of less than 1,000 hectares. This will provide flat land for the building of the plant and also allow future expansion. Also the company will easy access to their customers worldwide, because of Singapore’s strategic location, world-class transportation and logistics, telecommunication and IT infrastructure. Singapore also has a highly skilled labour force which are specialized in the field of petrochemisty. Productivity of Singaporean workers are high as they are noted to have good working attitude and aptitude which would positively affect total production and therefore profit. Furthermore there are many regulation patenting to strikes and work stoppages to Singapore thus there would be no worry for decline of productivity because of this. Moveover Chemical Process Technology Centre which will be ready in early 2003 will be situated on Jurong Island, will feature a production plant to provide practical training for students from the polytechnics and technical institutes so as to produce process technicians that are equipped with the latest technical skill sets to complement their academic knowledge, enabling them to meet future challenges of petrochemical industries. The Chemical Logistics Hub located on Jurong Isalnd itself will provide shippoing infractura other marine facilities would provide linkage to the chemical plants via the common service corridors. Logistics services like storage tanks, chemical warehouses, tank cleaning, cleaning and maintenance, drumming, and waste treatment facilities will also be available This will help be facilite transportion thus making it more efficient ans cost efficient . Furthermore it would save start up cost as we would not need in inoccur extear cost in building these facilities. Singapore also offers an extremely pro-business environment. The government is highly supportive of set up of petrochemical plants and offer finacial assistance such as tax incentives,innovation grants and low cost lows which will lower the start up cost. Being a petrochemical hub with 70 companies investing more than S$21 billion in oil refining, petrochemical manufacturing and specialty chemical manufacturing and supporting facilities on Jurong Island. There is a linkage among the companies located in Jurong Island. The oil refinery plants (e.g. Shell), which are also located on Jurong Island, will provide feedstock (e.g. Naphtha) for the petrochemical plant. The plants’ outputs (processed petrochemicals) to end-users in the vicinity or to ports to be exported to other neighboring countries in South East Asia. The sitting of the related industries in close proximity results in an invisible network of partnership that connects companies on the island, Jurong Island’s vertical integration will save about 25 to 30 per cent off capital outlay and 10 to 15 per cent logistics cost. Furthermore Jurong Island is located along tanker routes and the availability of infacturure such as ports means the plants outputs can be shipped out easily Future plans for Expansion As the number of petrochemical plants are set up, competition from varies companys will increase (Table 1). To maintain competitiveness and to expand, we must firstly maxism the output of the current plant. Ramping of production capacity automation machinery improve procedures Second third shifts Merger and acquisition Extensive reseach into making production more cost and laboour efficentive, RD work to develop more efficient production procedures ,continusing to improve standards and skiulls of workers Proposal for Development of Wafer Fabrication Plant in Pasir Ris Wafer Fab Park To process bare wafers made locally and distributed its products worldwide Proposal for development of Wafer Fabrication Plant in Pasir Ris Wafer Fab Park Brief Information Input Capital input for Wafer fabrication is high because of the expensive start up cost huge investments with an average direct investment of US$1 billion per fab. Raw material is silicon. LA pool of skilled labour is needed to run machinesry and to manufacture wafer. Enginneres and researchers needed for RD. High comsumpution of water and electicity. Processes Wafer fabrication refers to the multiple processes that a wafer goes through to become an integratred circuit product. A wafer, usually composed of silicon, is the base material for integrated circuits. Silicon is processed into cylinder shaped ingot and then sliced and polished into mirror-like wafers of uniform thickness. These go through highly precise and complex manufacturing processes such as oxidation, diffusion, thin film deposition, ion implantation, patterning, cleaning and etching. Outputs The finished wafer contains hundreds of chips which go though additional processes to become finished integrated circuit products. These integrated circuits are inputs for electronics and computer industries. Information about suitable location The proposed location, Pasir Ris Wafer Fab Park is located in the eastern region of Singapore, close to the Tampines Regional Centre and the Tampines Wafer Fab Park and served by the Pasir Ris MRT and Tampines Expressway. About 16.2 ha of the 59.1 ha site has been allocated. Industry luminaries have staked their chips here, including United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), the world’s second largest foundry and Systems on Silicon Manufacturing (SSMC). Figure 1Site Map of Pasir Ris Wafer Fab Park The park is fully equppied with specialized infrastructure such as a adequate and uninterrupted supply of electricity and water and a vibration-free environment. The JTC Tampines Dormitory for foreign workers nearby offers 400 units – which can house up to 4800 workers to provide convienent and comfarable accommodation for foreign workers. The park is located only a ten minutes drive from the airport. Reasons for Choice of Location Singapore is a world-class electronics hub with global leadership in manufacturing solutions and in the creation and management of new products, applications and markets. The electronics industry in Singapore has the highest output in the manufacturing sector, accounting for 55% (or $70.1 billion) of manufacturing’s total output in 2001. Thus the outlook of starting up a wafer fabrication plant in Singapore is promising. The semiconductor industry will be one of the key sectors driving growth in the electronics industry in the future. Its focus will be on integrated circuit (IC) design; wafer fabrication*; and testing and assembly. Singapore, with different economic and resource conditions from its neighbors, undertook reforms and infrastructure development that would make it an attractive location for regional offices of multinational corporations and increasingly high value-added manufacturing. Singapore-based MNCs are given incentives, such as tax and financial incentives and As the industry uses more new and sophisticated equipment and technology and automated manufacturing processes, the new jobs created require skilled workers, that is, workers with post-secondary educational qualifications and above. In 1999, 5,000 jobs were created in the electronics industry, of which 42% were jobs that required skilled workers. To meet the needs of the industry for skilled manpower, the Economic Development Board (EDB) works with the Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs) and research institutes/centres, to carry out research and implement training programmes. In addition, companies are also encouraged to extend their resources to the IHLs to expose students of the state-of-the-art equipment and technology. One of the largest IT markets ($7.5 billion) in the APAC region. Highly developed business culture. Very open to outsourcing and well established Indian business presence-over 300 Indian business houses and 90,000 NRIs based out of here. Is India’s eighth-largest investor with direct equity investments of about $1.3 billion at end-2001. India’s investment in Singapore has also grown by 14% over the past decade. Adequte facilites, within wafer fabrication park, company will have advantage of being able to share ideas and information with other companies. Share maintainece and support services and basic amentites such as roads and power. Singapore headquarters of national and international backs. Wafer fabrication very captital intensive, devoplement agencies in Singapore provide financial help, schemes for loans to start up company help to pay for set up coast. In terms of product positioning, Singapore is more innovative and advanced. Its lands, infrastructure and facilities for wafer fab are all allocated in a certain area so companies can actually start working upon moving in to the building in either of the three wafer fab parks. However, when it comes to living environment, Singapore excels: It has no crime to speak of, offers excellent transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, has high-quality English-language schooling, and is generally a more â€Å"westernized† environment for overseas skilled workers. As testament to that, you’ll find Germans, Japanese, Koreans, Americans, Taiwanese and mainland Chinese all working in Singapore’s semiconductor sector.Good for foreign talent ie Italian and French. Excellt airport, near airport efficient exporting of wafers worldwide. Pasir Ris has industry luminaries United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), the world’s second largest foundry chance of working with large company. Future plans for expansion Is the heart of Southeast Asia and ideal for tapping into closer markets like China, Malaysia, and Australia. APAC headquarters of most MNCs based out of here. Big business opportunity in that sector.But base stioll in Singapore. Carry out RD work to develop new, more sophisticated value-added products and more efficient methods of production in fields of wafer fabrication. Turn more to mechanization and automationm to achieve higher productivity. Set up wafer fabrication plants overseas in countries with lower labour cost such as Taiwan and China while still having hq in Singapore. Mus t be commited to carrying out product development and manufacturing actieveities in Singapore. Make Singapore base for manufacturing wafers and headquaters services to satellite factoris in the region go into partnership with EDB inrisk-sharing partnerhip to invest in overseas projects. Company to retrain worker to equip themselves with cerfiable and critical high-end skills needed by in production of wafer fabrication, obtain grants from Skills development fund to send employees for critical skills training. How to cite Proposal for Development of Petrol Chemical Plant on Jurong Island, Papers

Business Analysis Report Issues In Managementâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business Analysis Report Issues In Management? Answer: Introduction The report discusses the various issues related to the Human Activity System that is being used for the learning management at Griffith University in Australia. The topic will demonstrate the various findings concerning the issues that have been faced due to the implementation of the Human Activity system for learning management. The Human Acclivity system is an effective system used for the management of learning approaches and ensures that all the students get proper education facilities and become successful in their professional career with ease and effectiveness. Certain issues may arise and can even deteriorate the performances of students studying within the University and make their career growth slowdown. The topic will also illustrate about the various stakeholders involved and how they have been involved with the management of learning approaches within the University (Aaij et al., 2016). The problems are addressed, values have been analysed and recommended solutions have also been provided in the end for ensuring that the issues with the Human Activity system used for learning management are reduced and the limitations are overcome as well with ease and efficiency. The report will analyse the goals and objectives, based on which, the issues and opportunities that may arise will be examined as well. Identification of Business Problem and Need (7 Points). Explain this section briefly (1 paragraph). Business Problem/s and Need/s The issue is mainly related to the Human Activity system used within Griffith University for the management of learning approaches for the students. The other issues that are concerned with the implementation of Human Activity system used for the purpose of Learning Management include inability to access data and information while doing researches and creating difficulties for the students to study and obtain relevant skills and knowledge to succeed in their career in an effective manner (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Due to the inability of accessing relevant data and information, it can become difficult for obtaining good amount of knowledge and skills and furthermore learn to succeed in the future through completion of course or degree. The Griffith model is an effective and appropriate model used for the structuring and formation of the higher education system in Australia. The Griffith model is used for ensuring that the higher educational institutions in Australia an abide the rules, regulations and norms of a research intensive, campus based university to ensure that the Human Activity system is managed properly and issues regarding the learning management are overcome with ease and effectiveness (Burke, 2013). The Griffith model allows the educational institutions to enhance the teaching performances of individuals and deliver good quality services to the students by implementing new IT systems, Human activity system for monitoring the activities of individuals and manage institutional performance funds too. To evaluate the various findings related to the problems faced in business long with the scopes and opportunities, it is important to use the root cause analysis techniques such as SWOT analysis, Interview and also by using the Five Whys technique (Card, 2016). The SWOT analysis is used for identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats experienced within the University in Australia. The SWOT analysis can also help in determining the issues that have arisen considering the Human Activity system used for Learning management at Griffith University. The strengths include affordable educational facilities, location in the state capital, presence of full time faculties who teach the classes most of the time (Conde et al., 2014). The relationship between the teachers and students are quite good that has helped in managing the learning approaches with much ease and efficiency. The organisation has also implemented new systems of Information technology for the purpose of delivering comprehensive and user friendly online education system. The Human activity system used for the learning management has also been beneficial for handling the interdisciplinary and experimental education at both the under graduate and post graduate level s. Enhanced faculty services provided to the University and larger community is also considered as major strengths here (Davis et al., 2012). The weaknesses include lack of funding in several departments of the organisation, lack of financial support, thin cultural and ethnic diversity, decline of students enrolment, under staffing at various levels of the organisation, lack of implementation and utilisation of resources for the purpose of managing the process of recruitment and selection. Due to the lack of resources, there could be lesser expenditures on the IT system and Human activity system, that might further result in inability to retain the existing students and lack of skills to recruit and select individuals who can work for the organisation (de Souza Mrcio de Almeida, 2013). Few other areas of weaknesses are lack of proper infrastructure, underdeveloped campus life and issues with the HAS that has created difficulties for the students to adopt the right learning approaches and access information for their learning. The opportunities that have arisen can help in creating a sustainable place in the market and derive positive outcomes. Griffith University has used the HAS to deliver online opportunities all over the world and ensure that good undergraduate experienced is achieved by using the best learning management practices. The conversations and partnerships are managed more easily with the employers (Department of Education and Training, 2011). The Humana activity has not only enhanced the scopes for enhancing the effectiveness of learning management approaches but also has developed various international and off-campus study and exchange programs to deliver excellence and become a leader in the field of interdisciplinary and integrated learning. The threats that have risen due to the Human Activity system issues for learning management are lack of funding for higher education faculties, more risks related to the high turnover of faculties and staff members (Engestrm, 2014). The huge amount of competition in the market from the other Universities and presence of other private educational institutions has created issues for sustaining in the competitive business environment as well. The interviews are conducted for gaining the feedbacks an responses of the students about whether the students have been getting proper learning materials to access data and information properly or not. As the topic revolved around the issue concerned with the Human Activity system for learning management, so few cause effect diagrams are also suitable for gaining an in-depth detailed information about the causes of issues and how those can be resolved as well (Fraser, 2012). The Five Whys tool acts as an interview technique for exploring the cause and effect relationships based on a particular issue and furthermore develop iterations to resolve the problems effectively. The five whys approach can be useful for defining, measuring, analysing, improving and controlling the various issues related to the Human Activity system for learning management. The issues with the HAS must be overcome by identifying the root causes at first and then take any necessary approaches for overcoming those with ease and effectiveness (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The PEST analysis is used to identify the political factors, economic, social and technological factors that can create an impact on the functioning of the organisation. The implementation of various rules, regulations and laws for enhancing the higher education and learning efficiency within Griffith University is one of the major political factors that has created an impact on the functioning of business. The economic factors include contribution of the organisation for the growth in economy of Australia, making ways for accessing the study materials by students and even effectively manage the processes of selection and recruitment (Griffith, 2012). The processes can ensure workforce efficacy by recruiting skilled and knowledgeable workers within the workforce and contribute largely to the organisational effectiveness. The productivity of the organisation will increase and this will in turn result in successful management of resources and contribute to the economic environment of b usiness too. The social factors could be the various ways and learning approaches that have been managed by the organisation to attract and retain the students quite easily (Hammond, Keeney Raiffa, 2015). The technological factors have created huge positive impact on the organisation through implementation of advanced machinery and equipments along with an effective information technology system for managing the databases properly and ensure that the enrolment of students and student login id to the student portal is created. This would help them to access various study materials and learn about their courses in a detailed manner (Hellweg i Canals, 2014) Business Goals Objectives The goals and objectives of the business are to reduce the occurrence of issues related to the Human Activity system for learning management and ensure that proper learning approaches are devised for making the students learn, obtain relevant skills and knowledge and succeed in their academic and professional career. There is also issues concerned with the accessibility if information and so the objective also includes management of proper learning approaches to allow the students access the data and information and furthermore achieve the business outcomes properly. The objectives and goals that are needed to be achieved have been defined with the help of SMART objectives (Hewitt-Taylor, 2012). Specific S The specific objective is to deliver flexibility across the various degree programs provided to the students. Measurable M The measurable objective is to determine how many students have enrolled in the University to study a particular course and gain degree. Agreed upon A The agreed upon objective can be the delivery of more educational opportunities and more options provided to learn a course and obtain relevant knowledge and skills to become successful in their individual career. Realistic or R One of the realistic objective is to develop an online learning program to allowing the students to study courses online and also get access to relevant data and information with ease and effectiveness (Hollensen, 2015). Time bound or T The time bound objective means achievement of something within a limited time period. The time bound objective can be focusing on how to attract more students and retain the existing ones studying in other universities all over Australia. The determining of business goals and objectives is essential for enhancing the efficiency of the organisation as well as enable proper accessibility of data and information for the students. The business goals and objectives include implementing the online degree courses that are managed by various universities in Australia and furthermore help to deliver better learning management procedures for completion of a course for student easily and effectively (Hu Li, 2013). Desired Outcome/s The desired outcomes that are needed to be derived are to provide better accessibility to data and information for the students, allow for reducing the issues of Human Activity system used for learning management and furthermore ensure that online degree courses are managed for providing convenience to students to study and learn new things. The outcomes needed to be achieved are also to satisfy the needs and requirements of students and influence them to spread positive messages about the organisation, which can make other students to enrol for their most suitable courses within the Griffith University in Australia. The outcomes that are desired also include enhancing the flexibility of each of the courses for involving more target segments as well as manage the resources such as financial, human resources in an effective way (IIBA, 2015). Other outcomes that are needed to be achieved are to provide more flexible options and enable the Human Activity system to manage the learning ap proaches properly. The HAS is useful and is to be implemented for monitoring the behaviours of students and check for the learning methods that are essential for improving their skills, knowledge and expertise level through educational facilities. By matching the expected results with the actual outcomes,; it will also be easy and convenient to check whether the learning approaches have brought positive impact on the learning and education facilities within the University or not. All these outcomes, when achieved, can make the company become profitable by generating more sales and revenue in business with more and more students enrolling for their courses at the University consistently every year (Islam, 2014). Stakeholder Analysis (8 Points). Explain this section briefly here (1 paragraph). Stakeholder List Table 1. Stakeholder List Stakeholder list Investors or shareholders Students Faculties Academicians Chancellor Vice-chancellor Australian Government IT service officer Planning Director Manager Executive officer Advisors of management of career Course advisors Alumni Lecturer Graduate employment partnerships This list can be expanded upon in a list similar to that shown in Appendix E (see below) Stakeholder Roles Responsibilities The roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders differ and they all have managed to contribute to the organisation to make sure that the issues related to the Human Activity system for the Learning management are reduced to a large extent with ease and effectiveness. The various kinds of information related to the stakeholders have been included here with the consideration of different components such as name, title interest authority and influences of these stakeholders in business. Faculties within the University are allotted with time schedules to provide higher education to students by teaching them properly and allowing them to embrace the most appropriate learning approaches to ensure growth and development too (Jick, 1979). The Australian Government has checked whether the Griffith model has been followed by the University properly or not to deliver good quality education facilities and improve the skills, knowledge and expertise level of students with ease and effe ctiveness. The Chancellor and Vice-chancellor conduct meetings with the higher management and educational consultants to documenting various reports related to the management of Human Activity system issues and develop ways by which these kinds of issues can be overcome (Kajanus et al., 2012). The Manager of the organisation holds the responsibility to improve the organisational infrastructure by implementing effective IT systems to maintain steady growth and deliver betters services to the students. Attitude Influence Stakeholders of the organisation are bound to maintain a positive attitude once their needs and requirements are fulfilled through the proper management and implementation of Human Activity system used for the purpose of learning management at Griffith University. The stakeholders will be able to maintain a positive attitude and behaviour when all their needs and preferences are fulfilled and this is needed to be done not only for reducing the issues of the Human Activity system for learning management but also ensure that the lack of accessibility of data and information is reduced largely. This would help in management of financial and human resources as well as implement the most appropriate information technology system to manage the business operations and processes easily (Kenneth Kilmann, 2002). This would also help in keeping the learning management practices on track and ensure that these are properly delivered to the students for their career growth and well being. The sta keholders who have the most influences on the organisation include Chancellor and Vice-chancellor, Government of Australia, managers, career advisors and the most important students who are responsible for the success of the organisation. It is the duty of the organisation to fulfil the demands and expectations of students and deliver the right kinds of learning approaches to them for allowing them to progress in their career by gaining a degree from the course completion (Kohfeldt Langhout, 2012). Stakeholder Relationships and Mapping The stakeholder mapping determines the various stakeholders involved with the implementation of Human Activity system for learning management and the relationship that exits among them. All the internal and external stakeholder relationships are linked together to form a relationship and this has been done by Griffith University by using the onion diagram. The Onion diagram presents the various stakeholders into various categories and are presented within the circles that constitute the Onion diagram. The stakeholder matrix is also used as an effective tool for mapping of stakeholders and design new programs with the involvement of various individuals who have been involved with the Human Activity system at Griffith University in Australia (Kolb Kolb, 2012). The impacts of these stakeholders and the outcomes that may be generated along with the internal and external stakeholder relationships are also determined with the help of this matrix. The RACI matrix is used to determine the l inear responsibility and participation of various individuals or stakeholders who have certain roles in the management of issues regarding the Human Activity system used for learning management. The roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders can also be understood with the use of RACI matrix (Kontogianni et al., 2012). Approach to Reqs Life Cycle Management To fulfil the needs and requirements, it is important to ensure a proper and entire life cycle management process for ensuring that all the steps are followed properly while developing an appropriate Human activity system for the management of learning approaches and education services provided to the students of Griffith University. The waterfall model is a plan driven approach that follows a sequence to manage the designing process and it is a top down approach. The progress of the development of software does through various phases such as conception, initiation, analysis, design, testing, production, implementation and finally maintenance to check the reliability and accuracy of the system at Griffith University. The other management of requirement analysis approaches are AGILE and Hybrid techniques (Laudon Laudon, 2016). The waterfall model technique is a plan driven approach that enables the various phases of the system development life cycle from top to bottom and allows for checking all the errors at each of the steps and rectify those too. The AGILE method is based on iterations and can help the team members to respond to unpredictable situations and develop software with ease and effectiveness. The incremental approach is used within the AGILE technique to follow an iterative work sequences, also referred to as sprints for the development of a system effectively. The AGILE Method is quite complex as it incurs huge amount of effort and money to evolve the requirements and solutions by managing proper collaboration between the cross-functional and self-organising teams at Griffith University (Lienert, Schnetzer Ingold, 2013). The Hybrid model or method allows for using the software codes by combining both the waterfall and agile methods to develop good quality system that can serve as effective tool for the management of learning methods provided to the students of the University. This is also beneficial for developing an accurate IT system that will be able to fulfil the needs and requirements of the students studying within the University as well as ensure that the data and information are properly accessible to them to study, learn and move forward in their career conveniently (Mannarini Fedi, 2012). A turnaround time is needed to managing the process of continual product releases in an effective manner and even conducts the backlog management properly. This would enhance the processes of maintaining proper software version and furthermore implement the methods of product release and planning with ease. The Hybrid method combines both the waterfall and agile methods to manage changes that are driven b y plans and furthermore reduce the chances of issues that may be faced while implementing the Human Activity system used for the learning management At Griffith University, Australia (Mbow, Neely Dobie, 2015). The hybrid model is used after the implementation of the system for the management of change driven approach and delivers good outcomes based on the experimentation and iteration components. Among all these approaches, the Hybrid method is considered as the most effective one for developing the system and ensures proper functioning of the organisation within the business environment with the satisfaction of needs and requirements of various stakeholders in business (Miller Mork, 2013). The conflict management approach allows for identifying a particular situation and the risks or conflicts associated with it. The conflicts might arise in certain cases when the Human Activity system is not implemented properly and the learning approaches are not managed wisely, thereby resulting in lack of accessibility of data and information for the students studying within the Griffith University. There are five different approaches of managing conflicts such as the competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding and accommodating. The conflicts are managed to ensure that the various stakeholders involved contribute equally for the organisation and communicate with each other to manage good production level through attraction of more students and retaining the existing students from other universities too (Missonier Loufrani-Fedida, 2014). The conflict management approach that has been best suited here based on the context is the collaborating style that not only allows the sta keholders to work towards a common goal but also ensure that the conflicts are resolved with ease and effectiveness. Change Strategy, Value, Recommended Solution The change strategies will help in identifying the issues experienced while implementing the Human Activity system for the learning management and check for the most suitable methods to reduce the chances of issues and risks that were experienced earlier. The change strategy along with its values and benefits are integral part of the topic revolving around the issues of Human activity system for the learning management. It would not only provide a scope for developing useful solutions to the issues but would provide various recommendations for reducing these issues and manage proper implementation of the system within the organisations workplace (Satzinger, Jackson Burd, 2012). Solution Scope The scope of solution can help to address the needs and requirements of the various stakeholders and make them aware of the scopes and opportunities to deliver positive outcomes by reducing the issues of Human Activity system used for the management of learning approaches and providing accessibility of data and information for the students of Griffith University. The Human activity system is the solution that has been defined and all the problems associated with it are needed to be overcome that can bring better accessibility for the students to manage data and information as well as manage proper business functions and processes. The solutions cope would define the business need, its impac6 and probable measures that could be undertaken for resolving the issues of Human activity system for learning management at Griffith University (Serrat, 2017). The solution scope would identify the problem scope at first and then ensure that the needs of stakeholders are identified and how could they support the system to derive positive outcomes for the organisation. It is also important to revise the system with the consideration of stakeholders like IT service staffs, faculties, academicians and career advisor who holds the responsibilities of preparing time tables, manage the student portal access by providing them with login id and password and maintain the University web site too through proper implementation of IT system. The sotehr stakeholders are assigned with the roles of managing the IT framework and accounting systems, teaching of students and advise them about the career growth and opportunities available too (Seuring, 2013). The Australian Government has implemented certain rules, regulations and laws for the management of higher education in an appropriate manner and check whether the services delivered to the students have complied with the standards of quality and organisational rules or not. The solution scope would also allow for revising the Human activity system properly and improve the IT system framework for successful implementation of learning approaches, management of courses and student portal. This would assist the students by providing them with learning materials and even teach them according to the time slot allotted to the faculties and academicians to teach them (Soosay, Fearne Dent, 2012). With the advancement in technology and communication, various technological changes are possible that can not only improve the organisational infrastructure and support the services by ensuring delivery of good quality educational programs to the students. This would ensure accreditation by the Aus tralian Universities and ensure that the degree courses and programs allotted to the students are of good quality and can meet the expectations and demands of the service users. The Force field analysis is used to support the various management approaches and deliver a good solution scope as well. This model can help in assisting the stakeholders of the organisation to make decisions by maintaining balance between the forces that influence the changes and the forces that resist the changes. The proposed changes are illustrated in the Force field analysis table in between that has resulted from by maintaining balance between the influencing and resisting forces. The major forces to enabling changes are both internal and external drivers such as existing or old machineries and products, lack of morale among the team members, need for increasing the profit generation, volatile working environment, change in demographic conditions, etc (Stark, 2015). The forces against change include the old structures of the organisation, lack of planning skills, attitudes and absence of positive behaviours. There are external factors for resisting change too such as existing partners, Government laws, legislations, rules and regulations along with obligation towards customers and responsibilities to fulfil their needs and requirements properly. To provide support toward the supporting forces outlined in the Force Field diagram, the risk of the opposing forces of the model, must be mitigated and include, investment in more staff and investment in more infrastructure and supporting facilities (van Wijngaarden et al., 2012). The decision tree acts as a decision support tool that presents the various activities of the organisation and its probable impacts along with outcomes, cost of resources and utilities that are needed to implement the Human activity system, manage the learning approaches properly by preventing any issues related to the lack of accessibility of data and information for the students. The value chain analysis is another effective tool that analyses the internal organisational activities to recognise the activity that has the most potential to generate best outcomes and develop a suitable approach for improving the organisations ability to gain competitive advantage as well (Xingang, Jiaoli Bei, 2013). Potential Benefits From the decision tree it could be understood that the enrolment of students has increased and with the implementation of the IT system, the management of learning approaches has brought more consistency. The employees have also managed to obtain a number of benefits like training sessions provided to them for enhancing their skills and knowledge and make them capable of providing best quality services to the students. There would also be benefits of administration such as management of student portal where the students can login with the help of an id and password to access relevant data and information with convenience. Based on the decision tree, the do nothing is not actually a reliable option because of the exclusive features of the model to identify the best option that can bring good outcomes along with the various risks that have been found with the implementation of Human activity system used for the learning management (Yuan, 2013). The internal business activities have bee n analysed and this has also helped to identify the areas that lacked certain strengths, furthermore creating better scopes and variables for the generation of good amounts of profit and competitive advantage in business as well. The human resources and financial resources have been managed well too, because of the monitoring of cost of various activities within the organisation. Risk Assessment The risk assessment procedure is an integral part of the development of Human Activity system used for the learning management at Griffith University. It can evaluate the potential risks associated with the project and even the risks that may hinder the deriving of projected business outcomes in an effective manner. The risk assessment technique can help to determine the risks that have been experienced while implementing the IT system to improve the data and information accessibility and management of learning courses provided to the students (Aaij et al., 2016). Requirements Analysis The analysis of requirements is done to check whether all the relevant resources are available or not for overcoming the issues of Human activity system for the learning management within the university in Australia. The requirements of business stakeholders, functional as well as non-functional requirements have been included here for managing the analysis process in an effective manner. Business Requirements The business requirements include the financial resources, human resources along with the various assets owned by the organisation to sustain in the business environment. By preparing and analysing a document report, the requirements are identified to develop an appropriate strategic plan that can allow the organisation to accomplish the goals and objectives in business. The MoSCoW technique can be utilised as a prioritisation technique to analyse the business requirements,. Develop new software and manage the project properly by establishing a good understanding and relationship with the stakeholders. This would be beneficial for identifying the needs and requirements of stakeholders that had been considered as major business requirements to succeed in the competitive business environment as well (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The requirements of students are needed to be analysed for understanding what can satisfy them and even develop the learning and course programs according to thei r needs and preferences. Stakeholder Requirements for the Top Business Requirement From the MoSCoW technique, it is quite clear that the requirements of the students have been considered as the most important that are needed to be fulfilled to become successful in the marketing. The requirements of faculties and academicians are needed to be fulfilled as well for ensuring that they allow the students to obtain relevant materials and information regarding their project as well as make them progress in their career with perfection. The most important business requirement is to improve the infrastructure of the organisation, which can be done by making necessary investments and by implementing newer and advanced technologies. This can improve the way higher education facilities are provided to students and furthermore ensure satisfaction of students effectively too (Burke, 2013). Functional Requirements The functional requirements of the organisation are implementation of advanced IT systems to management and processing of data, make calculations and allow the organisation to use its technical expertise for the achievement of goals and objectives properly. The functional requirements also include the requirements of stakeholders such as accessibility to relevant information for studying and learning the course or degree program that can allow them progress in their career (Card, 2016). Non-functional Requirements The non-functional requirements are the environmental factors that can create an impact on the organisations functional reliability, performance, security, operability, compatibility, maintainability and management of solution transfer too. The non-functional requirements include few requirements that can check the operations of a system rather than specific behaviours possessed by individuals. Analysis of documents related to the learning management procedures and interviewing the students and individuals working within the organisation can provide their responses, based on which, the non-functional requirements can also be obtained effectively (Conde et al., 2014). Conclusion The topic illustrated about the issues experienced during the implementation of Human activity system used for the learning management at Griffith University, Australia. The various stakeholders had been included here along with their individual roles and responsibilities within the organisation. The business goals and objectives had been illustrated and the various methods used include SWOT analysis, Five Whys, etc. The analysis of stakeholders abased on the priority and influence had been illustrated here as well. Onion diagram, RACI matrix and stakeholder matrix had been included here as well along with the various approaches of managing the requirements. He solution scope and analysis if requirements had been done as well for deriving a good conclusion in the end. References Aaij, R., Beteta, C. A., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Ajaltouni, Z., Akar, S., ... Alkhazov, G. (2016). Model-Independent Evidence for J/ p Contributions to b 0 J/ p K Decays.Physical review letters,117(8), 082002. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Card, A. J. (2016). The problem with 5 whys.BMJ Qual Saf, bmjqs-2016. Conde, M. ., Garca-Pealvo, F. J., Rodrguez-Conde, M. J., Alier, M., Casany, M. J., Piguillem, J. (2014). An evolving Learning Management System for new educational environments using 2.0 tools.Interactive Learning Environments,22(2), 188-204. 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Point of Sale Essay Example

Point of Sale Essay SECTION I 1. 1 Introduction Nowadays, data processing uses one or more database at one or more certain organizations. Databases are use in transaction processing where information are stored, retrieved and transmitted at certain time it is needed. Examples of transaction processing systems are airline reservation systems, billing system, payroll system, library system, online marketing and online transaction processing. Handling business is not an easy thing to do. In order to have a successful business, each of its sub departments must have this eagerness to learn new ways of how it will be competitive enough to deal with the ups and downs of the economic world. * Company Profile Dante’s Radiator Enterprises Corporation In 1968, Dante’s Trading began as a trading firm dealing with repair of automotive. Organized by its President Mr. Dante Caguioa, an entrepreneur backed up by skills and sheer confidence. It started as a small shop located at the heart of A. Bonifacio Avenue, the road leading to North Diversion. Since it as located on a busy site, the small shop was improved into a bigger one, for them to accommodate its fast and growing number of customers and clients. Afterwards, the company concentrated on servicing of automotive radiators. From the very first auto radiator, it moved on to making not only Marine radiators, but a fast growing demand for Industrial radiators made the company a name in the automotive service industry. Just recently, the company re-entered to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from Single Proprietorship into a Corporation, one sign of the company’s progress. 1. Background of the Study Small businesses are the heart and soul of the entrepreneurial economy. They create, inspire, and fundamentally change people’s lives. However, small business across the globe including here in the Philippines have problems coping up with the fast pace development because of three major aspects, to be exact: management, non-utilization of technology, and sale s and marketing strategies. Small business owners tend to be involved in every aspect of their business from being the bookkeeper, marketer, human resources manager, mediator, customer liaison officer and cleaner. We will write a custom essay sample on Point of Sale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Point of Sale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Point of Sale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They tend to do it all and find it hard to hand over these tasks for the main reason of the frown on spending any money. However, many fail to realize that if they invest their money wisely in accessing the right type of goods and services to grow their business and be more effective, they will see positive changes occur over time. They can become more productive and profitable. Small business companies tend not to use technology like computers and other productivity tools or if they tend to use it, they are under-utilized because of poor choices or cost effective decisions. However, the utilization of automation is a matter of perspective. Almost all small business have the mindset of not needing it because what they knew is that the process they are doing is already working for them and adapting change would disrupt the operation. Additionally, they are thinking that these tools are just cost effective move; because they do not know how to use it or even their personnel don’t, though they could learn to use it and yield it to their full advantage. For small business the basic automation process would be point of sales system. Sales or ordering system throughout the world has relied on pens and papers. Problems such as missing orders and information sent to the wrong place arise. Furthermore, some could not be able to handle the massive volume of orders. Under the old manual ordering systems, it takes up too much time to process. Here comes point-of-sale system a company’s gateway to valuable information. When a store POS system isn’t able to share valuable information about customers, sales, and operations with other parts of the organization, it can impact the bottom line. Real time ordering and improved efficiency has been the focus of entrepreneurs. As with many business scenarios, getting rid of paper improves efficiency, reduces human error and allows information to flow to an infrastructure without a time consuming data input process. There is also less chance of handwritten orders being misread and a higher customer turnaround as customers will be served faster. Thus, a POS Point-of-sale system is needed. 1. 3 Statement of the Problem 1. What are the tools needed to develop the Point of Sale? . How will the stakeholders assess the developed system? 1. 4 Statement of Objectives 1. 4. 1 General * Create a POS System that will fit the need of Dante’s Radiator Company. * To simplify the accounting and record-keeping tasks involved in business. 1. 4. 2 Specific 1. To develop a system using the following tools: a. VB. Net b. MSAccess c. Adobe Photoshop 2. To develop a system to be evaluated by the stakeholders in terms of the following: a. Speed b. Accuracy c. Reliability d. Efficiency e. Security 1. 5. Scope and Limitation This Point of Sale system provides log-in process for security purposes and only admin can control the maintenance of the system as well as the process. The main control of the admin is on items; only admin can add, edit and remove item/s. The other access will be for the cashier, he/she can also view the items but unlike the admin he/she is not privileged to manipulate the products inventory. This system will list down all the products the company has. In transaction, the receipt will be filled by inputting the barcode of the product then it automatically displays the item name and the price. When you input the same barcode, it will also be automatically counted and the price will be computed based on how many products were bought. In settings, we can select which printer is available and where we want our receipt to be printed. It also includes the dimension of the receipt and the size of the font. Once it was on the print view we cannot remove or add an item in the receipt else we go back to Fill Receipt tab. We also cannot save the filled receipt unless we select a printer. The system also counts the receipt or transaction held in a particular day by the receipt no. s primary key. The printed receipt will show the receipt number for that day, receipt date, item, price, quantity, sum of each product based on their quantity and the most important the total amount. SECTION II 2. 1 Review of Related Literature 2. 1. 1 Foreign * History of POS Point of Sale Over the years, more enhancements were made to the cash registers until the early 1970s, when the first computer-drive n cash registers were introduced. The first computer-driven cash registers were basically a mainframe computer packaged as a store controller that could control certain registers. These point of sale systems were the first to commercially utilize client-server technology, peer-to-peer communications, Local Area Network (LAN) backups, and remote initialization. In the late 1980s, retail software based on PC technology began to make its way into mainstream retail businesses. Today, retail point of sale systems are light years ahead of where they began. Todays POS systems are faster, more secure, and more reliable than their predecessors, and allow retailers to operate every facet of their business with a single, integrated point of sale system. (*http://www. retailsystems. com/history-of-retail-pos-systems. fm*, July 28, 2009) * 7 reasons to switch to a point-of-sale system If youre a veteran retailer, you know the problem: Your inventory doesnt match your tallies. Sales are going unrecorded. Your staff is spending far too much time chasing mistakes instead of tending to customers Something is seriously wrong, and youre just not sure what the problem is. These a nd other snafus suggest that its time that your business did away with its cash registers and stepped up to a point-of-sale (POS) system, such as Microsoft Dynamics Retail Management System and Microsoft Dynamics Point of Sale (POS) . A POS system is a computer software and hardware network that records sales as theyre occurring; it solves a variety of operational and record-keeping headaches. If you need more proof, here are seven signs that your business could boom with a point-of-sale system. 1. Your sudden shrink no longer goes undetected. POS systems such as Retail Management System are designed to immediately record any and all sales. Not only does that mean timely and accurate sales tracking, but a POS system also lets you readily identify inventory levels, particularly when what you have on the books doesnt jibe with actual stock. You see it with the onset of sudden shrink—when you realize that inventory is missing or your numbers just never seem to match up, says John Rarrick of RBS Inc. , a Nyack, N. Y. , consulting concern specializing in startups and small businesses. Almost every modern POS has a receiving and inventory module that, when used properly, can help pinpoint the cause of the shrink. 2. Markdown management is much easier. A common land mine for many small to medium-sized businesses is price reduction—knowing which items have been marked down and recording those discounts accordingly. Rather than wrestling with cash-register receipts at days end, a POS automates the process of introducing markdowns and, in turn, tracking them accurately. The trends in POS are not just inventory accuracy but the use of pricing models to allow for markdown management, says Gary Ruffing, senior director of retail services for BBK Ltd. , a business advisory firm in Southfield, Mich. 3. Promotions can be tracked more successfully. A similar dynamic holds true with promotions. Whether through coupons, special discounts or other vehicles, promotions can be central to attracting and retaining business. Trouble is, managing and reconciling short-term specials—not to mention pinpointing their impact—can be nigh impossible without the automation and immediacy of a point-of-sale system. Many small retailers invest in things such as direct home marketing, Rarrick says. At the end of the promotion, those with manual cash registers are hard pressed to tell you how successful the promotion was. The POS store can pretty much tell you to the penny how they did. 4. You can maintain control in absentia. You may be surprised to discover that you actually run two businesses: one when youre there and its evil twin when you dont happen to be around. Many operations suffer in employee efficiency and customer service when the boss is away. Automating a host of functions via a POS can help boost those areas, no matter where the head honcho happens to be. You simply cant be there all the time, says Jim Melvin, chief executive officer of Siva Corp. , a Delray Beach, Fla. , company which provides point-of-sale systems to restaurants. A POS lets you have that important level of control when youre not there. 5. Your prices are consistent from one location to the next. Nothing can prove more embarrassing than having a customer question why one item has one price at one store, yet a different price at another. If your business operates at more than one location, a point-of-sale system ensures pricing consistency. Even better, a POS system automates overall inventory control, helping to keep stoc ks in proper balance depending on demand and other factors, which can vary from one location to the next. It really lends itself to a better overall customer experience—the sorts of things a customer expects when he walks through the front door, says Melvin. 6. You get many tools in a single package. Buying business equipment piecemeal can be pricey. If you find your checkbook wearing thin from the expense of software and other gear, a comprehensive point-of-sale system may include them in a single package. Most POS systems have add-on modules like payroll time clocks and customer preference databases, says Rarrick. That removes the need for small businesses to invest in separate systems for those purposes. 7. You can make better use of your personnel. Little is more maddening to a business owner than watching his or her staff bogged down with inefficient, unproductive responsibilities, from double-checking inventory disparities to seemingly endless cash-register reconciliati on. Perhaps the greatest advantage to a comprehensive point-of-sale network is the freedom it can afford your personnel to devote their energy to what genuinely matters the most: helping customers. A good POS allows you to allocate your human resources to the customer service area of the business, Ruffing says. That means they no longer have to be counting, calculating, ordering, and checking cash-register accuracy. † http://www. microsoft. com/business/en-us/resources/technology/business-software/7-reasons-to-switch-to-a-point-of-sale-system * Importance of computerization COMPUTERS have changed the world of business. They’ve helped increase productivity, improve recordkeeping, reduce paperwork, track sales, and control inventory. They’ve helped people work more efficiently and profitably than ever before. The world is changing and is changing fast. With the globalization of markets, ever-shifting demands of the market, and the growing use of information and communication, small to medium business must learn to compete in order for them to survive. Especially in developing countries which the use and adaptation of technology is very slow;most small to medium businesses still operate with manual or semi-manual accounting systems. Such systems are labour-intensive to maintain, leave plenty of occasions for errors and create opportunities for abuse. It is difficult for managers to be competitive when they must work with outdated or inaccurate information. The use of information and communications technologies can significantly improve results: they can facilitate the collection, analysis, storage and reporting of information much faster and more accurately than could be accomplished using manual systems. Computerization also can help cooperative managers streamline operations, cut operating costs, enlarge their networks of members and affiliated institutions, increase sales and respond to signals from far away markets. Connecting to the global network of the Internet also has its advantages, allowing faster communication with members, partners and clients at a fraction of the cost. Speaking of cost, of course these benefits are not free; there are costs involved. Fortunately, in terms of hardware and software, the costs are relatively low and within reach of most small t0 mid-sized business companies. Yet they are not the only cost. Yet hardware and software costs are not the only costs. There are also â€Å"people-related† expenses to consider. Since the information processing needs of each cooperative are unique, these other expenses will depend on a host of factors, including: Size of the cooperative and volume of operations; Business activity of the cooperative; The type and number of computers and other supporting equipment to be used and The kind of software selected, whether it is commercially available software or Open Source software. There is also the cost of the upkeep and maintenance of the equipment purchased plus the cost of upgrading the software used as new developments occur. Lastly, there is the cost of the training of the people who will use the system, not just the preparatory training at the start but the continued upgrade training of them as new developments and updates in software occur. These â€Å"people-related costs† are usually underestimated and investing on your people is a must in businesses. Companies should realize that benefits do not come as quickly as might be expected. That happens because computerization is more than just a technical issue involving the installation and linking of a few computers and the development or use of appropriate software. It also means changes in work habits and the way people relate to one another; these behavioural and institutional changes cannot easily be predicted or planned for beforehand. They are the result of experimentation and innovation after adoption of the technology, and this can take time. Plus there is this risks just like in any other business initiative, there is also a risks in computerization. There is always something that can go wrong, and if the process is poorly planned and provisions have not been made to cope with the problem, solving it may end up costing the business companies a lot of money. The main way to manage these risks successfully is to plan carefully and adopt a project approach. Below is a table of computerization projects risks and ways to manage them. Risks Ways to manage risk EXTERNAL Electrical power supply is unreliable or erratic. Purchase of an auxiliary electric generator and/or battery-based uninterrupted power supply (UPS) for the cooperative may be required Unreliable fixed line telephone system. May require the purchase of a mobile telephone set-up, if mobile phone service is available in the area Local Internet service provider too expensive and service is poor. Find another less expensive or more reliable service provider. INTERNAL ACCEPTANCE Staff maintaining manual system fear computer will replace them. Explain that computerization can improve business efficiency which can lead to expanded operations and this will require more staff. Provide job re-training to redundant staff to work in new areas. Some staff feels threatened by new technology. Special on-the-job training implemented in a gradual manner may overcome this resistance. PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project objectives not met and member needs not satisfied. Develop a careful project design before starting and be sure to consider users’ needs. Estimate resources with a certain safety margin Define measurable success indicators at each stage of implementation Define scope and cost of project: What problems have to be solved? Does the coop have the resources to solve it? What will the net benefits be? TIME The project took longer than expected. Prepare a detailed work plan with clear milestones indicated and be sure to define target dates for each. COST The project cost more than expectedPlan carefully. Estimate the time required and costs involved with a margin of safety. Make sure that contracts with external service providers specify what has to be done, by when and by whom, along with penalties for missed targets. MAINTENANCE Post-project maintenance costs more than expectedAssess maintenance facilities before implementation. Plan upgrade (growth) of the computer system, both software and hardware Consider subsequent follow-up support requirements and costs, availability of a reliable service provider in the post-project period If computerization is so risky and costly, then why are businesses computerizing? Mainly because they realize that improving the efficiency with which they collect, analyze and use information will help them achieve their business goals. Below are some list of benefits that business companies can gain from computerization. a) Business services and management: Accounting and management: computerization of accounting and administrative records (payroll, invoicing, accountancy, bookkeeping, purchases and sales) and tax requirements (assessment of taxes and duties) reduces paperwork and offers the possibility of keeping updated accounting records in real time. Inventory control: product stock inventory records can be easily updated and additional information on production factors (agrochemicals, fertilizers, machinery, seeds), included. This allows for a better control of stocks, which can mean financial savings. b) Governance and member relations: Administration of member participation and member shares: computerization allows for the automated tracking of each member’s transactions and balances and calculation of his/her patronage refunds and dividends on shares can be quickly done. This improves the quality of service offered to members. examples are salary and shares) Improving member-management relations: automation allows for more frequent and detailed reporting to members by management and provides individual members with easier access to more detailed and current information on their business transactions. Improved communication and information sharing: computerization also broadens communication channels among members, supp liers and consultants, through the publication of contents on Web sites with restricted access (intranets), delivery of news by e-mail, newsgroups and discussion lists for debating subjects of interest, electronic publications, and so on. ) Policy level: Data access: raw data can be stored in digital format and accessed much faster. Using computer systems larger volumes of data can be easily saved and retrieved. Turning data into policy decisions: data can be more easily organized for analysis or presentation to assist in management and policy decision making. For example, cumulative historic production data can be analyzed and future trends projected in order to plan future scenarios. Networked computers allow for multiple analysis of data in an easy way. Optimization of procedures: the logical setup of computer systems leads to a more unified way of doing things, easier compliance with regulatory and/or legal requirements, and better overall quality of the administration. d) Capacity building in business management Learning: training in the use of computers to solve day-to-day cooperative business and member service problems helps in building new abilities in cooperatives’ staff and members. Real time information: it allows for instant access to real business information that can be used to support staff training processes. ) Communicating beyond the boundaries of the business: E-mail, mailing lists, and newsletters: computers, connected via modems to the telephone system and to the Internet, permit the use of e-mail thus facilitating faster, cheaper and easier communication between managers and distant buyers and sellers of the business’ goods and services. Web sites: a business can easily create its own public Web sit e to provide partners, clients, and potential byers and sellers information on the business performance and services. In summary, there are lots of ways in which computer and telecommunications technologies can help small business companies optimize their business results, solve problems, and assist in creating new member services or improving existing ones. Computerizing agricultural cooperatives: A practical guide by The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations http://articles. directorym. com/Habits_Of_Unsuccessful_Business_Owners_And_Managers_New_York_NY-r971702-New_York_NY. html 2. 1. 2 Local * LevelUp’s POS Integration Makes Payment a Breeze A tech startup is making it easier for quick-service operators to allow their customers to use mobile payment solutions. LevelUp, which created a customer- and business-friendly mobile payment process for restaurants, recently integrated with MICROS, POSitouch, and Dinerware point-of-sale systems. These three constitute 30 percent of all existing POS systems. This integration allows merchants to choose â€Å"LevelUp† on their POS during payment, and then scan a barcode that LevelUp customers have on their phones to complete payment transactions. When we integrate with a point-of-sale system, we supply [businesses] with just a 2D barcode reader that plugs directly into the POS via USB or serial, and it operates just like when you have a credit-card reader attached to your POS,† says Christina Dorobek, LevelUp’s vice president of partner development. In addition to making transactions faster and easier, Dorobek says LevelUp’s integration with POS systems also makes accounting more seamless and analytics more robust. â€Å"LevelUp, at its most basic, is able to track who your customers are, how often they’re coming in, [and] how much they’re spending,† Dorobek says. And one of the really cool net benefits of the loyalty program—the loyalty campaign that is built in to the system—is we see customers coming back, on average, about 20 percent faster, spending about 7 percent more on an average ticket. So there’re very tangible benefits to a business in terms of being able to grow. † LevelUp services around 300,000 active consumers and about 3,800–4,000 businesses nationwide. Though Dorobek says a majority of quick serves are using LevelUp predominately at the counter, many are also using LevelUp at the drive thru. The company has an open API, so any POS system is welcome to integrate, Dorobek says. She predicts that mobile phone use at quick serves will become a norm as time goes on. â€Å"When I look at the way customers are interacting with businesses, especially quick-service businesses, I think there is definitely a shift to consumers using their mobile phones, not only to pay, but also to check the menu ahead of time †¦ or place an order for pick up,† Dorobek says. â€Å"I think that shift to paying with your phone will be an automatic next step, and obviously is already happening, at least with 300,000 LevelUp users. http://www. qsrmagazine. com/news/levelup-s-pos-integration-makes-payment-breeze 2. 2 Review of Related Systems * CREST POS CREST, (Complete Retail Electronic Sales Terminals) these are Self-contained, single unit, self-installing systems, and are available only through us. CREST units are built in a 12 gauge, powder coated steel case, 16 by 16 attached on a stu rdy steel cash drawer of the same dimensions. Inside the case is an Intel computer with POS and Credit card processing software fully installed, configured and ready to use! The touch screen, thermal receipt printer, magnetic strip reader and barcode scanner are all attached and ready to use. Self-Installing means you literally take the unit out of the packing box and plug it into power and the internet that is it! Complete Retail Express Software is standard, and other supported software is available. Different Hardware and software combinations are also available, contact us for specific information. www. point-of-salesystems. com * DELL POS Dell offers three POS solutions. You can choose from versions for QuickBooks, Cash Register Express or Restaurant Pro Express. These are top-of-the-line POS software applications, and the computers Dell offers with the software are better than most POS systems. Through Dell, you can obtain a POS system with up to 4GB of RAM that is quite capable of running other business software. However, if you need a point of sale system but cant afford to pay too much in out-of-pocket start-up expenses, Dell may be a bit out of your reach. The version with the lowest price starts out at about $3,500. Dell does offer financing for those who would like to set up a payment plan. Through Dell, you can customize the computer and any of the peripherals that come with your POS system package to meet the needs of your business. The company offers multiple options for most equipment. The Dell/QuickBooks retail solution comes standard with a 15-inch flat panel monitor, a compact cash drawer, a barcode scanner, a POS keyboard and a thermal receipt printer. You can add upgrades such as increased RAM and speakers. Dell offers a wide variety of peripherals; however, the company does not provide POS products like kitchen printers, kitchen displays, scales, wireless inventory handhelds or PIN pads. Dell also does not provide tablet or mobile versions of its POS software. Unlike some of the other complete POS systems, the Dell systems are fully functional computers. This means you can access the internet, use office applications such as Word, Excel and PowerPoint and any other software you might consider, including accounting and inventory software. This makes it a practical choice for those who need their system to perform more than one function. Dell hardware comes with a three-year parts-and-labor warranty. If you need technical or customer support, you can contact Dell via phone, email or chat. They have training videos and manuals that you can access to help you get to know how to use their POS system. The POS system information says it comes with Dells Gold Technical support; however, this support service appears to be discontinued. We cannot find a description of this service on Dells website, and the link to the Gold support is a dead link. If you need help with the POS software, the software providers offer that support . pos-systems-review. optenreviews. com 2. 3 Methodology 2. 3. 1 SDLC Implementation Implementation Coding Coding Design Design Analysis Analysis Project Planning Project Planning Testing Testing Maintenance Maintenance SECTION III 3. 1 Description of the Existing System The group had an interview with the company Manager, tackle about their existing system upon getting the orders of the customers for them to start the making of their product, since, they were made -to-order service, and the process of getting the customer’s order needs to be accurate. By then, the company had this system of depending onto pens and papers on their transaction process upon the customers that sometimes lead to some problems: missing order, wrong delivery details, losing of proper information of the products, less security, cannot update easily the total payments made by the customers in the whole day, and lastly the inaccurate computation of bills and inventory of the products itself that could get the company to lost profit. Upon interviewing some personnel, they keep on complaining about their system that it was an old-fashioned type of transaction process where they were all depending on just a sheet of paper that may lost or something, yes they had these computerized transaction using MS Excel 2007 yet it still remains not so organized because redundancy of data occurs. Based on the answers stated by the employees of Dante’s Radiator Enterprises Corporation about the problems encountered by the branch about their current transaction process which is paper and pen dependent, the proponents concluded that the Dante’s Radiator Enterprises Corporation really needs the proposed system. The process of existing system in terms of maintaining the current information of each items are first the checking on the MS Excel 2007 of the current status of the customer, how much is the total sold for each of the items. Second, the cashier will get the payment to the customer then the sold product will be deducted to the total number of stocks of the company. Third, the cashier will save the current changes made to the records. Then lastly, the cashier will issue an Official receipt to the customer as a proof of payment. 3. 2 Use Case Diagram Ordering Sub-System Ordering Sub-System Point of Sale Point of Sale Automation Boundary Automation Boundary Look up for the availability Look up for the availability Create new order Create new order Update Order Update Order Owner Supplier Purchased Sub System Purchased Sub System Point of Sale Point of Sale Automation Boundary Automation Boundary Look up item order Look up item order Update order and price of item Update order and price of item Update Purchased Items Update